Deep-layer cortical neurons are marked by which transcription factors?

Deep-layer cortical neurons are marked by which transcription factors?

• A. CUX1/CUX2
• B. PAX6
• C. CTIP2 and TBR1
• D. SOX2

Answer: (C)

Deep-layer cortical neurons carry a distinct transcriptional profile that sets them apart from neurons in the upper layers. CTIP2 (also known as BCL11B) is a key marker for layer V corticospinal/subcortical projection neurons, while TBR1 is a hallmark of layer VI corticothalamic neurons. The presence of these two transcription factors together indicates deep-layer identity, reflecting their early-born status in cortical development. In contrast, neurons of the upper layers typically express CUX1 and CUX2, marking their own distinct lineage. PAX6 and SOX2, on the other hand, are associated more with neural progenitors and early neurodevelopment rather than mature deep-layer neurons.

Deep-layer cortical neurons carry a distinct transcriptional profile that sets them apart from neurons in the upper layers. CTIP2 (also known as BCL11B) is a key marker for layer V corticospinal/subcortical projection neurons, while TBR1 is a hallmark of layer VI corticothalamic neurons. The presence of these two transcription factors together indicates deep-layer identity, reflecting their early-born status in cortical development. In contrast, neurons of the upper layers typically express CUX1 and CUX2, marking their own distinct lineage. PAX6 and SOX2, on the other hand, are associated more with neural progenitors and early neurodevelopment rather than mature deep-layer neurons.